Friday, May 3, 2013

A blueprint for women architects to overcome doubt, discrimination

Women make up almost half the graduating architecture classes, but only 17 percent of architecture-firm leadership. Even as women have made great strides in the field over the last several decades, that disconnect hasn?t gone away.

So a few weeks ago, Harvard architecture students Caroline James and Arielle Assouline-Lichten launched a campaign on Change.org, an online petition platform, which has garnered more than 11,300 signatures. Some of the world?s premier architects have signed it ? including Rem Koolhaas, Jacques Herzog, and Pierre de Meuron.

These signers are petitioning the Pritzker Architecture Prize committee to formally and equally recognize the work of Denise Scott Brown in the 1991 award given exclusively to her male collaborator Robert Venturi. Now in its sixth week, their campaign continues to gain signatures ? including from Mr. Venturi and nine other Pritzker prize winners ? and media attention.

More important, the campaign has raised questions about the challenges facing female architectural designers today ? and how talented women can face them down.

OPINION: 'Architect Barbie' builds a dream home, but her profession needs a makeover

Why would two young female architects take up Ms. Brown?s cause 22 years after the fact? I am inadvertently responsible for setting into motion the events that led to this petition. But I hesitated to write this article because my contribution did not come from a moment of insight or inspired action; it came from a moment of desperation and self-doubt.

A few weeks ago, as a student at the Harvard Graduate School of Design, I came to campus distressed and deflated. I had been working hard on an application for a prestigious fellowship that was due later that day, but was convinced that my proposal wasn't good enough. I felt naive and that my work was that of an amateur.

Looking for absolution and emotional permission to give up, I turned to a classmate, Caroline James. Instead of the kind shoulder I sought, she gave me a challenge and asked, ?Have you ever heard of leaning in??

This is the concept popularized recently by Facebook chief operating office Sheryl Sandberg, who believes that women need to put doubts aside and confidently ?lean in? to positions of leadership, even if they don't feel ready. ?Good is better than perfect,? Caroline told me. ?You may not get it, but you?ll never get it if you don?t apply.?

I instantly felt both shamed and called to action. In the preceding weeks, as graduation approached, time and time again I had heard female colleagues sigh wistfully, reflecting on how they?d love to get a job at some particular dream firm of theirs, but they?d never stand a chance. These are talented women about to earn a degree from one of the most prestigious universities in the world.

While it can be hard to get any job fresh out of school, some of my friends were convinced it wasn?t even worth trying for their top choice firms. I have made it my personal crusade to fight this kind of thinking, but much to my dismay, I found myself in the exact same mindset.

These patterns of self-doubt are culturally ingrained from an early age, and are incredibly pervasive among female designers. I?ve spoken with a number of women about passing up opportunities they shouldn?t have because they worried they were underqualified. I?ve spoken with plenty of others who have realized that they had allowed themselves to play the behind-the-scenes role in a project in which they should have been front and center.

I myself realized that I have been doing a huge amount of invisible ?housework? in the collaborative projects that I?m a part of, working behind the scenes to smooth team dynamics and make sure everyone?s on the same page. This work is vitally important, but it?s neither visible, explicitly valued, or creditable. It sets up my own professional version of the classic ?second shift? many working women face, where they work full-time outside the home but are still responsible for most household and child-rearing duties. In this case, I'm responsible both for a ?full time job? on these projects and the group?s ?family dynamics? and ?housecleaning.?

The everyday patterns of behavior women fall into have insidious and far-reaching consequences. When we undervalue our work and our worth, the people around us don?t see it either. It?s not that professors, firm principals, or the leaders of our field mean to be sexist; it?s that when they think about who should sit on design review juries, who should open the new branch office, or whom they should invite to the panel, they make choices that reflect perceptions and internalized social norms we all uphold.

So what must women, like me, do about our lack of leadership? How can we start to change the long-ingrained patterns that hold us back?

First, we have external work to do, such as calling attention to lower pay for women with the same qualifications or the dearth of women in senior leadership.

But we also have quite a bit of internal work to do, and mere affirmation is not enough. We need to be forming groups of women that take on individual challenges, such as applying for a number of opportunities that we feel are slightly out of our reach. We need to be learning together to improve our self-advocacy skills, running workshops or programs in which we learn to negotiate for better pay, benefits, and opportunities. We need to be working together to change individually, holding each other accountable to ?lean in? more and supporting each other in doing so.

I submitted that fellowship application. While I didn?t win, my proposal opened doors for me: A professor of mine thinks my ideas are strong and wants us to write an article together.

More important, after thanking my classmate Caroline for pushing me in my moment of despair, we decided to re-launch the student group ?Women in Design? at Harvard. After our first meeting, group member Arielle Assouline-Lichten proposed the petition for architect Denise Scott Brown. A few weeks and thousands of signatures later, the conversation on women and the nature of credit and collaboration in design is starting to change.

OPINION: Why smart women still don't make it up the career ladder

It is these everyday decisions that add up to larger profession-wide realities. If we women push ourselves to ?lean in? more, working on external and internal fronts, we have the opportunity to bring closer a future where talented women in design don?t get passed over. And we are working toward ensuring Denise Scott Brown?s cause becomes a symbol for a new era of equal leadership ? an era whose time has certainly come.

Mia Scharphie is a master of landscape architecture candidate at Harvard University where she specializes in design as a catalyst of social and environmental change. She helped to relaunch Harvard's student group Women in Design this spring and is a member of the Women's Founders Forum run out of the Harvard Business School.

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blueprint-women-architects-overcome-doubt-discrimination-172800229.html

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Thursday, May 2, 2013

More effective, cheaper concrete manufactured with ash from olive residue biomass

More effective, cheaper concrete manufactured with ash from olive residue biomass [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 2-May-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Montserrat Zamorano Toro
zamorano@ugr.es
34-958-249-458
University of Granada

Researchers at the University of Granada have produced self-compacting concrete with ash from boiler combustion of olive pruning residue pellets

University of Granada researchers have successfully manufactured self-compacting concrete using ash from the combustion of olive pruning residue pellets. Due to its plasticity and cohesion, this type of concrete needs no compaction when used in construction and has many advantages over conventional concrete, resulting in considerable savings of time and money.

In an article published in "Construction and Building Materials", the researchers present preliminary results on the use of fly ash, produced in domestic boiler combustion of biomass olive residue pellets, as a substitute for filler in the manufacture of self-compacting concrete. The concrete produced has a compression strength slightly higher than that of conventional concrete and over the minimum required by Spanish Structural Concrete Code EHE-08 (Real Decreto 1247/2008, de 18 de julio).

Traditionally, self-compacting concrete is made by mixing standard aggregates, water and cement, with of a fine-grained inert material known as filler and a superplasticizer additive, which improves flowability when the concrete is in its fresh state.

Montserrat Zamorano, of the University of Granada Department of Civil Engineering and corresponding author of the paper explains that since the approval of European and Spanish policies to promote the use of renewable energy, biomass energy has been utilized in an ever-increasing range of contexts, bringing with it considerable environmental advantages.

The problem with ash

"However, in return, combustion implies producing biomass combustion subproductsashwhich have to be managed in line with the basic waste residue management principles established in European (Directive 98/2008/CE) and Spanish (Ley 22/2011, de 28 de julio, de residuos y suelos contaminados) legislation." Currently, ash is deposited in landfills or used in agriculture. So, increased production of ash means we need to find alternatives, among which we have its application in the construction industry.

In this sector, the successful use of fly ash obtained as a residue from coal combustion in thermal and electric power stations is widespread, and has even been regulated. However, this is not the case of olive biomass ash, the focus of this research, which has physical and chemical characteristics that generate very different results to those of traditional ash (basically, due to its inactivity while cement sets and because the particles are finer).

Dr Zamorano warns that, given the results of this research, "the use of fly ash biomass as filler in self-compacting concrete is feasible," but a wider-reaching large-scale study is needed to guarantee that the concrete manufactured is of high quality.

###


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?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


More effective, cheaper concrete manufactured with ash from olive residue biomass [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 2-May-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Montserrat Zamorano Toro
zamorano@ugr.es
34-958-249-458
University of Granada

Researchers at the University of Granada have produced self-compacting concrete with ash from boiler combustion of olive pruning residue pellets

University of Granada researchers have successfully manufactured self-compacting concrete using ash from the combustion of olive pruning residue pellets. Due to its plasticity and cohesion, this type of concrete needs no compaction when used in construction and has many advantages over conventional concrete, resulting in considerable savings of time and money.

In an article published in "Construction and Building Materials", the researchers present preliminary results on the use of fly ash, produced in domestic boiler combustion of biomass olive residue pellets, as a substitute for filler in the manufacture of self-compacting concrete. The concrete produced has a compression strength slightly higher than that of conventional concrete and over the minimum required by Spanish Structural Concrete Code EHE-08 (Real Decreto 1247/2008, de 18 de julio).

Traditionally, self-compacting concrete is made by mixing standard aggregates, water and cement, with of a fine-grained inert material known as filler and a superplasticizer additive, which improves flowability when the concrete is in its fresh state.

Montserrat Zamorano, of the University of Granada Department of Civil Engineering and corresponding author of the paper explains that since the approval of European and Spanish policies to promote the use of renewable energy, biomass energy has been utilized in an ever-increasing range of contexts, bringing with it considerable environmental advantages.

The problem with ash

"However, in return, combustion implies producing biomass combustion subproductsashwhich have to be managed in line with the basic waste residue management principles established in European (Directive 98/2008/CE) and Spanish (Ley 22/2011, de 28 de julio, de residuos y suelos contaminados) legislation." Currently, ash is deposited in landfills or used in agriculture. So, increased production of ash means we need to find alternatives, among which we have its application in the construction industry.

In this sector, the successful use of fly ash obtained as a residue from coal combustion in thermal and electric power stations is widespread, and has even been regulated. However, this is not the case of olive biomass ash, the focus of this research, which has physical and chemical characteristics that generate very different results to those of traditional ash (basically, due to its inactivity while cement sets and because the particles are finer).

Dr Zamorano warns that, given the results of this research, "the use of fly ash biomass as filler in self-compacting concrete is feasible," but a wider-reaching large-scale study is needed to guarantee that the concrete manufactured is of high quality.

###


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-05/uog-mec050213.php

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'Parks And Rec' Guest Stars Return, Shakeups Ahead

TV Guide:

"Parks and Recreation's" season finale will feature a mystery so large only one man can take on the case: Special Agent Burt Macklin!

Read the whole story at TV Guide

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/02/parks-and-rec-guest-stars_n_3200579.html

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Three Samsung workers injured in second serious acid leak at chip plant (updated)

Three Samsung workers injured in second serious gas leak at chip plant

Korean agency Yonhap News is reporting that there's been a second major leak of hydrofluoric acid at Samsung's main chip factory in the city of Hwaseong. Three workers are said to have been injured, with no word yet on how badly. Only three months have passed since the last such accident at the plant, which proved to be fatal and which got Samsung a nominal $1,000 fine as well as a telling-off from police investigators -- but which evidently didn't lead to sufficient safety improvements.

Update: Samsung has been in touch to say that the acid leak wasn't in gas form, as Yonhap (and we) initially reported, and that the injured workers were contractors hired by Samsung rather than staff:

At approximately 11:30 a.m. on May 2, three external contract workers were partially exposed to diluted hydrofluoric acid at Samsung's semiconductor manufacturing facility in Hwaseong, Korea. The workers received immediate first aid attention on site and were admitted to hospital for further examination. This occurred while the workers were upgrading parts of an existing facility in line with Ministry of Employment and Labor requirements. Samsung has reported the incident to the appropriate local authorities and is fully cooperating with investigations. We take the health and safety of workers very seriously and are committed to addressing any issues regarding the well-being of those working in our facilities.

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Source: Yonhap News

Source: http://www.engadget.com/2013/05/02/samsung-chip-plant-accident/?utm_medium=feed&utm_source=Feed_Classic&utm_campaign=Engadget

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Bloomberg: Jony Ive iOS 7 Changes Are So Major They're Causing Delays

We're already confident that the next release of iOS will be full of Jony Ive, but now Bloomberg is reporting that his software overhaul is so massive it could cause iOS 7 delays.

Citing sources "with knowledge of the matter", Bloomberg suggests that Ive's demands could see the software "at risk of falling behind," as he pushes to scrub all traces of Forstall. Indeed, the sources explain that he's been massively revamping iOS, "shunning realistic images" and "exploring more dramatic changes to the e-mail and calendar tools." It sounds like, in other words, a major "screw you" to skeumorphism.

That fits with rumors that circulated earlier this week, when 9to5mac suggested that the next iteration of the mobile OS would banish real-life elements (iBooks looking like a wooden bookshelf, say), but also remove all elements of gloss and shine, too. The idea, so the rumors have it, is to make the software more sleek and usable going forwards, but, apparently, leave enough to be "familiar".

Bloomberg also reports that Ive is methodically reviewing each and every new design for iOS 7, in an attempt to avoid a repeat of the clusterfuck that was Apple Maps last year. Combine that?unsurprising?attention to detail with a complete overhaul, though, and it's no shock to hear that the project is at risk of being delayed.

In fact, while according to the sources Apple still believes it can turn out iOS 7 by September, Ive has been pushing internal deadlines for testing later than previous releases, and has even shuffled part of the OS X team over to the mobile wing to increase productivity. It's not the first time that's happened, though?Apple shifted its Mac workforce to help prep the original version of iOS before the launch of the first iPhone, too.

While it seems likely that Ive's touch will do good things for iOS, there are almost certainly some sweaty palms and sore heads in Cupertino right now, if these rumors are to be believed. But if Apple's recent travails have taught us anything, it's better to get it right than to get it fast. [Bloomberg]

Source: http://gizmodo.com/bloomberg-jony-ive-ios-7-changes-are-so-major-theyre-486198913

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